This is a summary of Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations. The original Greek title for Meditations was ‘Things to One’s Self’ as it was a personal journal of thoughts and...

Gaius Musonius Rufus was a Roman Stoic philosopher of the 1st century AD. He has been referred to as the Roman Socrates and is also remembered for being the teacher of Epictetus....

In On the Firmness of the Wise Man Seneca argues that Stoicism is not as harsh as it first appears. Recalling the figure of Cato the Younger Seneca argues that Cato as a wise...

Of Leisure only survives in a fragmentary state. The work concerns the rational use of spare time, whereby one can still actively aid humankind by engaging in wider questions...

The Enchiridion or Handbook of Epictetus is a short manual of Stoic ethical advice compiled by Arrian, a 2nd-century disciple of the Greek philosopher Epictetus. Although the...

The first book in the essays of Seneca deals with good and evil. The dialogue is opened by Lucilius complaining with his friend Seneca that adversities and misfortunes can happen...