Snippit Sports Science Podcast

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience      Journal of Strength and Conditioning ResearchSeptember 2018, Volume 32 (9), p 2665–2676Copyright © 2018 by the National Strength & Conditioning Association.https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00124278-201809000-00030 ISSN: 1064-8011Brief Review   Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans : A Systematic Review Shei, Ren-Jay   Abstract   Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid for sport performance. Respiratory muscle training has been documented to improve performance in a wide range of exercise modalities including running, cycling, swimming, and rowing. The physiological effects of RMT that may explain the improvements in performance have been proposed to include diaphragm hypertrophy, muscle fiber–type switching, improved neural control of the respiratory muscles, i

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is quite a popular method of training presently. There are many different protocols associated with HIIT so this is a great review that looks at performance and physiological adaptations with elite Olympic based combat sport athletes.   Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Olympic Combat Sports Athletes' Performance and Physiological Adaptation: A Systematic Review.   Author information: Franchini E, Cormack S, Takito MY. Abstract Effects of high-intensity interval training on Olympic combat sports athletes' performance and physiological adaptation: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 242-252, 2019-Combat sports represent around 25% of all Olympic medals disputed, and the success in these sports are determined by technical-tactical excellence and supported by physiological and psychological development. Although the train

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you.Please help support the podcast:► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience      Total Number of Sets as a Training Volume Quantification Method for Muscle HypertrophyA Systematic Review   Baz-Valle, Eneko; Fontes-Villalba, Maelán; Santos-Concejero, Jordan   The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: July 30, 2018 - Volume Publish Ahead of Print - Issue - phttps://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Abstract/publishahead/Total_Number_of_Sets_as_a_Training_Volume.95211.aspx   Abstract   Baz-Valle, E, Fontes-Villalba, M, and Santos-Concejero, J. Total number of sets as a training volume quantification method for muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2018   This review aimed to determine whether assessing the total number of sets is a valid method to quantify training volume in the context of hypertrophy training.   A literature search on 2 databases (PubMed and Scopus) was conducted on May 18, 2018. After analyzing 2,585 result

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Hi everyone, Today's podcast is a paper that we have spoken a lot about since it was published.  This paper got a lot of publicity on social media and is probably a great example of not judging a book by it's cover.  In other words, when you dig a bit deeper into the article, there are a lot of interesting findings and points to note.  This is a big paper so we have split it into two parts.  We hope you enjoy.   Type 1 Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy after Blood Flow-restricted Training in Powerlifters.   Bjørnsen T, Wernbom M, Kirketeig A, Paulsen G, Samnøy L, Bækken L, Cameron-Smith D, Berntsen S, Raastad T   Abstract   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of blood flow-restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) on myofiber areas (MFA), number of myonuclei and satellite cells (SC), muscle size and strength in powerlifters.   METHODS: Seventeen national level powerlifters (25 ± 6 yr [mean ± SD],

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Hi everyone, Today's podcast is a paper that we have spoken a lot about since it was published.  This paper got a lot of publicity on social media and is probably a great example of not judging a book by it's cover.  In other words, when you dig a bit deeper into the article, there are a lot of interesting findings and points to note.  This is a big paper so we have split it into two parts.  We hope you enjoy.   Type 1 Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy after Blood Flow-restricted Training in Powerlifters.   Bjørnsen T, Wernbom M, Kirketeig A, Paulsen G, Samnøy L, Bækken L, Cameron-Smith D, Berntsen S, Raastad T   Abstract   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of blood flow-restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) on myofiber areas (MFA), number of myonuclei and satellite cells (SC), muscle size and strength in powerlifters.   METHODS: Seventeen national level powerlifters (25 ± 6 yr [mean ± SD],

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    European Journal of Sport Science  Volume 17, 2017 - Issue 9 Pages 1101-1109 | Published online: 09 Aug 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1360396   Redistributing load using wearable resistance during power clean training improves athletic performance   Caleb R. Marriner John B. Cronin Paul Macadam Adam Storey   Abstract A popular method to improve athletic performance and lower body power is to train with wearable resistance (WR), for example, weighted vests. However, it is currently unknown what training effect this loading method has on full-body explosive movements such as the power clean. The purpose of this study was to determine what effects WR equivalent to 12% body mass (BM) had on the power clean and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Sixteen male subjects (age: 23.2 ± 2.7 years; BM: 90.5 ± 10.3 kg) were randomly assigned to five weeks of traditional (TR) power

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Nutrient timing revisited: is there a post-exercise anabolic window?   Alan Albert Aragon Brad Jon Schoenfeld (brad@workout911.com)   Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2013 10:5 https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-10-5 © Aragon and Schoenfeld; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Received: 20 December 2012 Accepted: 25 January 2013 Published: 29 January 2013   Abstract   Nutrient timing is a popular nutritional strategy that involves the consumption of combinations of nutrients--primarily protein and carbohydrate--in and around an exercise session. Some have claimed that this approach can produce dramatic improvements in body composition. It has even been postulated that the timing of nutritional consumption may be more important than the absolute daily intake of nutrients.   The post-exercise period is widely considered the most critical part of nutrient timing. Th

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 9(4):222–227, NOV 1995 Issn Print: 1064-8011 Publication Date: 1995/11/01 https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/abstract/1995/11000/effects_of_variations_of_the_bench_press_exercise.3.asp   Effects of Variations of the Bench Press Exercise on the EMG Activity of Five Shoulder Muscles   Chris Barnett Vaughan Kippers Peter Turner   ABSTRACT   This experiment investigated the effects of varying bench inclination and hand spacing on the EMG activity of five muscles acting at the shoulder joint.   Six male weight trainers performed presses under four conditions of trunk inclination and two of hand spacing at 80% of their predetermined max. Pre-amplified surface EMG electrodes were placed over the five muscles in question.   The EMG signals during the 2-sec lift indicated some significant effects of trunk inclination and hand spacing. The sternoc

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Intravenous Vitamin C administration reduces fatigue in office workers: a double-blind randomized controlled trial   Sang-Yeon Suh Woo Kyung Bae Hong-Yup Ahn Sung-Eun Choi Gyou-Chul Jung Chang Hwan Yeom (lymphych@hanmail.net)   Nutrition Journal 2012 11:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-7 © Suh et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Received: 20 October 2011 Accepted: 20 January 2012 Published: 20 January 2012   Abstract   Background Studies of the efficacy of vitamin C treatment for fatigue have yielded inconsistent results. One of the reasons for this inconsistency could be the difference in delivery routes. Therefore, we planned a clinical trial with intravenous vitamin C administration.   Methods We evaluated the effect of intravenous vitamin C on fatigue in office workers. A group of 141 healthy volunteers, aged 20 to 49 years participated in this random

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    In this episode, Dr. Kate Spilsbury joins us to discuss some of her work that investigated the tapering strategies of elite distance runners:   European Journal of Sport Science  Volume 15, 2015 - Issue 5 APPLIED SPORT SCIENCES   Tapering strategies in elite British endurance runners   Kate L. Spilsbury Barry W. Fudge Stephen A. Ingham Steve H. Faulkner Myra A. Nimmo   Pages 367-373 | Published online: 05 Sep 2014 https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.955128   Abstract   The aim of the study was to explore pre-competition training practices of elite endurance runners.   Training details from elite British middle distance (MD; 800 m and 1500 m), long distance (LD; 3000 m steeplechase to 10,000 m) and marathon (MAR) runners were collected by survey for 7 days in a regular training (RT) phase and throughout a pre-competition taper.   Taper duration was [median (interquartile range)] 6 (

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    A brain boost to fight Alzheimer's disease Tara L. Spires-Jones Craig W. Ritchie   Science 07 Sep 2018: Vol. 361, Issue 6406, pp. 975-976 https://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6406/975   Perspective on:   Combined adult neurogenesis and BDNF mimic exercise effects on cognition in an Alzheimer’s mouse model   Se Hoon Choi, Enjana Bylykbashi, Zena K. Chatila, Star W. Lee, Benjamin Pulli, Gregory D. Clemenson, Eunhee Kim, Alexander Rompala, Mary K. Oram, Caroline Asselin, Jenna Aronson, Can Zhang, Sean J. Miller, Andrea Lesinski, John W. Chen, Doo Yeon Kim, Henriette van Praag, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Fred H. Gage, Rudolph E. Tanzi   Science 07 Sep 2018: Vol. 361, Issue 6406, eaan8821 https://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6406/eaan8821   Adult neurogenesis and Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology destroys neurons and synapses in the brain, leading to dementia. T

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent high-intensity exercise efforts   Raúl Domínguez (rdomiher@uax.es) José Luis Maté-Muñoz Eduardo Cuenca Pablo García-Fernández Fernando Mata-Ordoñez María Carmen Lozano-Estevan Pablo Veiga-Herreros Sandro Fernandes da Silva Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño   Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2018 15:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0204-9 © The Author(s). 2018 Received: 6 June 2017 Accepted: 7 December 2017 Published: 5 January 2018   Abstract   Beetroot juice contains high levels of inorganic nitrate (NO3−) and its intake has proved effective at increasing blood nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Given the effects of NO in promoting vasodilation and blood flow with beneficial impacts on muscle contraction, several studies have detected an ergogenic effect of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise e

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Journal of Research and Practice on the Musculoskeletal System JRPMS | March 2018 | Vol. 2, No. 1 | 22-30 The multiple roles of steroids and anabolic steroids and its relations to cardiovasular and musculoskeletal pathology: a brief review Margarita Theodorakidou Olti-Alexandra Nikola George I. Lambrou   Abstract  Steroids are defined as compounds included in the family of terpenoid lipids. Specifically, anabolic steroids are synthetic steroids of the androgen steroids. Since the beginning of the 20th century, anabolic steroids have proven influence on physical strength, endurance and muscle tissue synthesis. They have been used both for military purposes as well as for athletic achievements. Their use has been expended thereafter up to the point that side-effects began to become apparent. To date, it is well documented that anabolic steroids have adverse side effects on the primary

 Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Hi there, and thanks for tuning in each week. This week, we are honoured to have first author Dr. Christopher Brandner talking about one his papers currently in the process for publication called:   Muscular Adaptations to Whole Body Blood Flow Restriction Training and Detraining.   We got to cover many topics on BFR aside from his paper. Dr. Christopher Brandner is a Sports Scientist and Strength and Conditioning Coach at Aspire Academy for Sports Excellence in Doha, Qatar. In 2016, he received his PhD from Deakin University in Melbourne, Australia, where his research examined the acute and chronic training adaptations to resistance exercise with blood flow restriction.   Follow Christopher on Twitter at @ChrisBrandner Find his publications via Research Gate:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Brandner     Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings t

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Environmental temperature (whether hot or cold) can have effects on athletic performance. Our previous Snippits have looked at how passive heat maintenance can be used to optimise repeat sprint performance in cooler environments.  Today’s Snippit looks at performance across both warm and cold environmental temperatures and how different combinations of passive heat maintenance and ingestion of cold slushies can be used to optimise performance.   Front. Physiol., 03 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01064   Lower-Limb Passive Heat Maintenance Combined With Pre-cooling Improves Repeated Sprint Ability   Martyn Beaven Liam P. Kilduff Christian J. Cook   Pre-conditioning strategies to potentiate performance are a common feature of pre-competition routines. The elevation of muscle temperature is seen as a vital component of preparing for physical performance, while pre-

 Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    The role of the menstrual cycle with respect to female strength and power performance on the broad scale is poorly understood and considered.  This is despite the current literature available highlighting the potential of using the menstrual cycle to optimising an athlete’s training periodisation.     This article looks into the how we can optimise female’s strength and power: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports  Volume 28, Issue 4   Basal and stress‐induced salivary testosterone variation across the menstrual cycle and linkage to motivation and muscle power J. Cook P. Kilduff T. Crewther   First published: 21 December 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13041   Abstract   This study investigated salivary testosterone (sal‐T) variation across the menstrual cycle in female athletes, at different competitive levels, and its association with motivation and neur

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Recently, the concept of eccentric overload training has been gaining a lot of social media coverage and popularity.  This type of training has been around for a while despite its uncommon use in an S&C coach’s toolbox.   Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Volume 20, Issue 10, October 2017, Pages 943-951   Skeletal muscle functional and structural adaptations after eccentric overload flywheel resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis   Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo David García-López Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo Osvaldo C. Moreira Javier González-Gallego José A. de Paz   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.004   Abstract   Objectives The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of flywheel (FW) resistance training with Eccentric Overload (FW-EOT) on muscle size and functional capacities (i.e. strength and power) in athletes and healthy subjects, a

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Today’s Snippit is a fascinating insight into how testosterone can be used as a marker to optimise and individualise the strength training protocols to optimise muscle strength and size gains:   Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research March 2008, Volume 22 (2), p 419-425 © 2008 National Strength and Conditioning Association https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00124278-200803000-00014 ISSN: 1064-8011   Significant Strength Gains Observed in Rugby Players after Specific Resistance Exercise Protocols Based on Individual Salivary Testosterone Responses Beaven, C Martyn; Cook, Christian J; Gill, Nicholas D   Abstract    Our previous work has demonstrated that professional athletes show protocol-dependent variability in salivary testosterone (T) responses to resistance exercise (RE). The current study examines the consistency and functional outcomes of prescribing a RE regimen base

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    Today, we are honoured to have guest author David Joyce.  He is very well known for being one of the editors of the book “High-Performance Training for Sports.”  He is also performance manager at the GWS Australian Football Club (AFL) and is respected across the world for his knowledge in the area of physical performance enhancement. The opportunity to chat first hand with an author also gives us an opportunity to discuss more than just the paper, and we go into a myriad of other projects and thoughts that David is currently doing. Make sure to follow him on Twitter @DavidGJoyce   J Sports Sci. 2018 Feb; 36(3):279-285 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02640414.2017.1300315 Epub 2017 Mar 7   Evaluating strategic periodisation in team sport. Robertson S, Joyce D  Abstract   The planned peaking for matches or events of perceived greatest priority or difficulty throughout a co

Snippit is made possible by listeners like you. Please help support the podcast: ► https://www.patreon.com/snippitscience    A couple of weeks ago, we discussed the wonders of chocolate and its potential health benefits.  Like a good pairing, today we review wine and it potential benefits with respect to cardiovascular disease.  Lots of interesting facts here:   Circulation. 2017 Oct 10; 136(15):1434-1448 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030387   Wine and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review. Haseeb S, Alexander B, Baranchuk A   Abstract   Alcoholic beverages have been consumed for thousands of years, attracting great human interest for social, personal, and religious occasions. In addition, they have long been debated to confer cardio-protective benefits.   The French Paradox is an observation of a low prevalence of ischemic heart disease, with high intakes of saturated fat, a phenomenon accredited to the consumption of red wine. Although many epidemiological investigation