Reformed Forum

Hebrews never pits the covenants against one another as law versus gospel; it presents them as grace and grace—the same house, the same people, the same promise. Yet the old was always preparatory: shadow giving way to substance, promise to fulfillment. Marcus A. Mininger traces that organic development and shows why the unity of the one covenant is precisely what makes Hebrews’ warning so urgent. The address closes where the letter does—on persevering within the covenant and resting in the sole sufficiency of Christ.Dr. Marcus A. Mininger is professor of New Testament at Mid-America Reformed Seminary, with research on Paul and the General Epistles—including a forthcoming study of the warning passages in Hebrews.Delivered at the 2026 Reformed Forum Theology Conference, “The Covenant of Grace: One Savior, One People, One Purpose,” at Lakeland Church in Gurnee, Illinois, on September 26, 2026.Watch this address: https://youtu.be/DMhQflaD8PMWatch the full conference: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJykAl

Few passages have unsettled readers like Hebrews’ warning that it is “impossible … to restore again to repentance” those who fall away. Does it teach a sin beyond forgiveness? Marcus A. Mininger clears away the common misreadings and names the real danger the author confronts: the temptation to abandon Christ and re-lay a foundation in the old covenant alone. The warning, rightly heard, is not about a sin too great to forgive but about the impossibility of going back—and it sets up the covenant question taken up in the session that follows.Dr. Marcus A. Mininger is professor of New Testament at Mid-America Reformed Seminary, with research on Paul and the General Epistles—including a forthcoming study of the warning passages in Hebrews.Delivered at the 2026 Reformed Forum Theology Conference, “The Covenant of Grace: One Savior, One People, One Purpose,” at Lakeland Church in Gurnee, Illinois, on September 26, 2026.Watch this address: https://youtu.be/9B4fCp9femsWatch the full conference: https://www.youtube.co

A greater Joshua has come. Benjamin L. Gladd takes another look at Jesus’s exorcisms, reading them against the Old Testament backdrop of Israel’s conquest. Where Joshua led a people into an earthly rest by the sword, Christ leads his people into a greater rest by the Spirit and the word, defeating the powers that held them captive. The kingdom does not advance by force but by the triumph of the one Savior who gathers one people to himself, and the exorcisms are a preview of that greater conquest.Dr. Benjamin L. Gladd is executive director of the Carson Center for Theological Renewal and formerly professor of New Testament at Reformed Theological Seminary, Jackson. He edits the Essential Studies in Biblical Theology series and has written widely on the use of the Old Testament in the New, including works co-authored with G. K. Beale.Delivered at the 2026 Reformed Forum Theology Conference, “The Covenant of Grace: One Savior, One People, One Purpose,” at Lakeland Church in Gurnee, Illinois, on September 26, 202

When does the long-promised restoration of Israel take place? G. K. Beale gives particular attention to Acts 1:8 and its use of the Old Testament and argues that the restoration is already under way in the church's Spirit-empowered witness to the nations. God fulfills his covenant promises to Israel in Christ and carries them to the ends of the earth, as the one Savior gathers one people to himself. The answer has direct consequences for how we understand the church, the nations, and the promises of the covenant.Dr. Gregory K. Beale teaches at Reformed Theological Seminary, Dallas. He is a leading New Testament scholar known for his work on biblical theology, the use of the Old Testament in the New, and the temple theme across Scripture.Delivered at the 2026 Reformed Forum Theology Conference, "The Covenant of Grace: One Savior, One People, One Purpose," at Lakeland Church in Gurnee, Illinois, on September 26, 2026.Watch the full conference: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJykAlOwqPCAhttps://reformedf

Mark Gilbert joins Camden Bucey to examine what Protestants and Roman Catholics mean when they speak of Christian unity. Drawing on Gilbert’s conversion from Roman Catholicism, they contrast a unity grounded in the Spirit’s work through the Word with Rome’s institutional claim to mediate grace and gather humanity into one visible communion.The conversation turns to Vatican II and Karl Rahner’s doctrine of the “anonymous Christian.” Camden and Mark consider Rahner’s anthropology, his account of God’s self-communication, and the influence of this framework on Roman Catholic inclusivism. They conclude with a pastoral call to speak with clarity and charity and to offer the assurance found only in the finished work of Christ.ResourcesTalking with Catholics About JesusThe Nicene CreedThe Nicene Creed and the Nature of Christian UnityChapters00:00 Introduction03:48 Mark Gilbert’s journey from Roman Catholicism10:50 The Rome Scholars and Leaders Network15:04 Catholic inclusivity after Vatican II20:36 Institutional an

The covenant of grace has its source in eternity, in the covenant of redemption: the eternal agreement of Father, Son, and Spirit to save a people. In "Before the Foundation of the World," Camden Bucey traces the historical covenant of grace back to that eternal counsel. Following Herman Bavinck, he shows that the covenant revealed in time rests on an unchanging foundation in the counsel of the triune God. Before creation and before the fall, God purposed one redemption with one Savior at its center, and the unity and certainty of the covenant of grace rest on that purpose. This opening address gathers up the first two conferences in the trilogy and lays the foundation for the addresses that follow.Download the handout (PDF)Dr. Camden M. Bucey is executive director of Reformed Forum and host of Christ the Center. He is the author of Karl Rahner in P&R’s Great Thinkers series and Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics.Delivered at the 2026 Reformed Forum Theology Conference, “The Cove

This is the first lesson in Dr. Camden M. Bucey and Dr. Marcus Mininger’s Reformed Academy course, Resurrection and Redemption: A Reader’s Guide. It was originally recorded for one of Reformed Forum’s International Cohort Reading Groups. This lesson covers pages 5–30 of Richard B. Gaffin Jr.’s Resurrection and Redemption: A Study in Paul’s Soteriology, addressing the following topics:00:00 Introduction and Personal History with the Book06:07 The Book’s Title and Purpose10:02 Redemption Accomplished and Applied16:41 A Biblical-Theological Approach22:54 Paul’s Soteriology and Methodological Questions30:22 Paul as Theologian and Interpreter35:40 Biblical Authors as Theologians39:16 Theology, Scripture, and Philosophical Categories42:51 Apostolic and Post-Apostolic History49:45 The Occasional Nature of Paul’s Letters55:00 Contextual Theology, Unity, and DiversityRegister for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will als

We welcome Eli Ayala, host of Revealed Apologetics, to discuss Christian apologetics in the digital public square. Drawing an analogy to the Areopagus of Acts 17, Camden Bucey and Ayala consider YouTube’s remarkable reach, its dangers, the spiritual dimension of apologetics, the union of biblical content and method, current movements in online apologetics, and the pastoral task of guiding young people who encounter theology online.Ayala recounts his path from a Spanish Pentecostal upbringing to Reformed theology and presuppositional apologetics, including the decisive influence of the Greg Bahnsen–Gordon Stein debate. He also explains the origins of Revealed Apologetics and reflects on the opportunities and distortions created by algorithmic media.LinksEpisode pageRevealed ApologeticsRevealed Apologetics on YouTubeDefending Our HopeChapters0:00 Introduction2:03 YouTube as the Modern Areopagus3:43 Eli Ayala’s Background and Work8:39 Spiritual Warfare and Apologetics12:47 An Apologetic Awakening17:06 The Bahnse

On today’s episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. We discuss Daniel's corporate prayer of confession in chapter 9.Mentioned in this episode:Join Us In Person: Four Upcoming Reformed Forum EventsBefore today's episode, Camden Bucey shares four opportunities to gather with Reformed Forum in person over the coming months: Apologetics and Evangelism Seminar — August 4–5, 2026, Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Taylors, SC. Camden Bucey and Carlton Wynne lecture on apologetics and evangelism for the pastor at the GPTS Summer Seminar. Details: https://reformedforum.org/event/apologetics-and-evangelism-seminar-greenville-sc/ Discovering Christ in All of Scripture — August 28–29, 2026, Cahaba Park Presbyterian Church, Birmingham, AL. A Friday evening and Saturday morning seminar exploring how every part of Scripture reveals God's redemptive plan in Jesus Christ. Details: https://reformedforum.org/event/birmingham-alabama-seminar/ 2026 Annual Theology

This is the fifth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, Christology I: The Person of Christ. This lesson covers the following topics:00:00 Introduction to Modern Christological Errors00:57 Liberal Historicism and Schleiermacher11:24 Karl Barth’s Higher-Order Historicism27:05 Traditional Kenotic Christology38:35 Bruce McCormack’s Actualized Kenotic Christology51:47 Charles Hartshorne and Process Christology1:00:59 A Taxonomy of Modern Departures1:03:20 The Christological Crisis and the Gospel1:05:42 The Confessional Christ of Scripture1:07:10 Recovering Reformed ChristologyRegister for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in systematic theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedacademy.org/course/christology-1-the-person-of-christYour donations help us provide free Reformed resources for stude

We welcome Andrea Ferrari to discuss his book The Fall and Redemption of Conscience: A Reformed Biblical Theology. Ferrari, pastor of the Chiesa Riformata di Perugia in Italy, explains why conscience has received comparatively little attention in modern Protestant theology and considers the influence of psychology, Karl Barth, John Webster, and John Calvin on contemporary accounts of conscience.The conversation develops a biblical and theological account of conscience from creation to new creation. Ferrari addresses whether Adam possessed a conscience before the fall, the Old Testament vocabulary of heart, kidneys, and clean hands, Calvin’s sensus divini judicii, the Trinitarian basis of human self-awareness, and the effects of justification and sanctification upon a guilty conscience. The episode concludes with practical implications for preaching, counseling, and the Christian life, along with an update on Ferrari’s ministry in Perugia.LinksEpisode pageThe Fall and Redemption of ConscienceChiesa Riformata d

This is the fourth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, Christology I: The Person of Christ. This lesson covers the following topics: 00:00 Introduction to Orthodox Christology 07:15 The Two Orders of Subsistence in Christ 15:00 Ancient Christological Heresies Explained 24:30 The Council of Chalcedon and the Hypostatic Union 34:00 Reformed Confessional Christology 43:30 Why Orthodox Christology Matters for Salvation 52:00 Final Summary and Theological Implications Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in systematic theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedacademy.org/course/christology-1-the-person-of-christ Your donations help us provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/ #christology #systematictheolo

Recorded before a live audience at Cahaba Park Church during Discovering Christ in All of Scripture, a Reformed Forum seminar hosted in conjunction with Birmingham Theological Seminary, Camden Bucey moderates a panel with Dan Ragusa, Derrick Brite, and Lane G. Tipton on the importance of biblical theology for the life of the church. The panel defines biblical theology in the tradition of Geerhardus Vos, explains its organic and progressive character, and shows how the whole history of special revelation reaches its center and goal in Jesus Christ.The conversation turns to preaching, discipleship, the unity of the covenant of grace, Christ-centered interpretation, practical resources for reading the Old Testament, and the need for churches to recover the accomplishment of redemption as the great context for every biblical passage. In the audience Q&A, the panel also addresses ministry in small and struggling churches, church revitalization, and the pilgrim ethic needed for faithful pastoral service.LinksEp

On today’s episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. We discuss Daniel's vision and interpretation of it in chapter 8.Mentioned in this episode:Join Us In Person: Four Upcoming Reformed Forum EventsBefore today's episode, Camden Bucey shares four opportunities to gather with Reformed Forum in person over the coming months: Apologetics and Evangelism Seminar — August 4–5, 2026, Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Taylors, SC. Camden Bucey and Carlton Wynne lecture on apologetics and evangelism for the pastor at the GPTS Summer Seminar. Details: https://reformedforum.org/event/apologetics-and-evangelism-seminar-greenville-sc/ Discovering Christ in All of Scripture — August 28–29, 2026, Cahaba Park Presbyterian Church, Birmingham, AL. A Friday evening and Saturday morning seminar exploring how every part of Scripture reveals God's redemptive plan in Jesus Christ. Details: https://reformedforum.org/event/birmingham-alabama-seminar/ 2026 Annual Theology

This is the third lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, Christology I: The Person of Christ. This lesson covers the following topics: 09:15 Creation, the Image of God, and the Covenant of Works 18:45 Christ as the Last Adam and the Fulfillment of God’s Purpose 29:00 The Incarnation in God’s Eternal Decree 39:15 The Covenant of Grace and the Work of the Mediator 50:00 The Glory of Christ and the Restoration of Humanity 1:00:00 Concluding Theological Reflections Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in systematic theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedacademy.org/course/christology-1-the-person-of-christ Your donations help us provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/ #christology #systematictheology #ref

Artificial intelligence does more than raise technical questions; it presses the deeper question of what it means to be human. Camden Bucey speaks with Jason Thacker, author of The Age of AI: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humanity, about human dignity, the image of God, and the crucial distinction between a human person and a machine.They consider how Christians can receive technology as a tool under God’s providence without confusing imitation with intelligence, convenience with communion, or productivity with personal worth. The conversation also explores how technology forms its users, why embodied life and genuine relationships matter, and how transhumanism redirects the human longing for life beyond death toward technological self-salvation.Against both utopian promises and dystopian fear, Thacker points to the sufficiency of Scripture and the hope of the risen Christ. Christians can engage emerging technologies wisely because human identity is given by the Creator, human dignity cannot be ea

This is the second lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, Christology I: The Person of Christ. This lesson covers the following topics: 00:00 Introduction to the Logos Incarnandus 08:30 Eternal Generation and the Incarnation 17:30 The Eternal Decree and the Covenant of Redemption 27:00 The Son as Mediator in God’s Redemptive Plan 37:30 Scripture’s Witness to the Pre-Incarnate Christ 47:30 Theological Implications for Christology 56:00 Summary and Concluding Reflections Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in systematic theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedacademy.org/course/christology-1-the-person-of-christ Your donations help us provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/ #christology #systematicthe

Camden Bucey speaks with economist Shawn Ritenour about what makes an account of economics distinctly Christian. They discuss economic law as part of God’s created order and the biblical principles shaping stewardship, private property, labor, capital, exchange, and care for those in need. Pope Leo XIV’s Magnifica Humanitas provides the occasion for a searching conversation about the universal destination of goods, Big Tech, data, subsidiarity, sphere sovereignty, GDP, and human dignity.The conversation presses beneath policy to theology. Neither markets nor governments escape the effects of sin, and material prosperity must never be confused with sanctification. Christians seek just and prudent arrangements in this age while recognizing that scarcity, exploitation, and disordered desire will not finally be overcome by human construction. The church’s hope rests in the crucified and risen Christ and the consummation of his kingdom.Topics DiscussedEconomic law, creation, and Christian stewardshipPrivate proper

This is the first lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, Christology I: The Person of Christ. This lesson covers the following topics: 00:00 Introduction to Christology: The Person of Christ 05:30 Why Christology Is Central to Christian Theology 13:30 The Three Dogmatic Aspects of the Person of Christ 22:00 Christology Throughout Scripture and Redemptive History 32:30 Ancient and Modern Christological Errors 44:00 The Course Framework and Theological Method 55:30 Why the Doctrine of Christ Matters Today Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in systematic theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedacademy.org/course/christology-1-the-person-of-christ Your donations help us provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/d

What does it mean to cultivate a life of Reformed piety? Camden Bucey speaks with Joel Beeke about the ordinary practices by which God forms reverential love for himself in Christian homes: Scripture reading, prayer, singing, biblical meditation, family worship, and faithful participation in the church’s public worship.Dr. Beeke explains why meditation serves as a “halfway house” between Bible reading and prayer, how deliberate meditation gives rise to spontaneous reflection throughout the day, and why small, repeated habits often bear their richest fruit over decades. The conversation offers practical encouragement for parents, spouses, pastors, and every believer who desires an integrated life of devotion—one in which home, church, and daily vocation are oriented toward the glory of God and maturity in Christ.Topics DiscussedReformed piety as reverential love for GodBuilding durable habits of family worshipReading Scripture, praying, singing, and instructing childrenPraying with one’s spouseDeliberate and s